VANECK

MANAGEMENT SERVICES FOR MUTUAL FUNDS AND OTHER POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLES; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES; INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES; DEVELOPMENT AND ISSUANCE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, NAMELY, EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS AND EXCHANGE TRADED NOTES; INSURANCE TRUST FUND SERVICES, NAMELY, PROVIDING INVESTMENTS IN VARIABLE ANNUITY CONTRACTS AND VARIABLE LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES OF OTHERS