Cameras; camera control units (CCUs); video pipe inspection systems comprising a camera head mounted to the end of a push-cable that is windable about a push reel; push-cables for mechanically deploying a camera head into a pipe or cavity; hand-held electronic devices with displays connected by cables to cameras designed for manual insertion into pipes, ducts, tubes and walls by plumbers and electricians for reviewing their interiors to locate defects and obstructions, to fish wires, to control the cameras, to record images, and/or to generate data files related to the images; video display devices for displaying images or video from cameras attached to mechanical push-cables; audio output devices for rendering audio output from microphones or acoustic sensors positioned within a pipe or cavity; radio transmitters; radio receivers; audio sensors and apparatus for receiving, storing and/or rendering audio signals from utility locators or inspection cameras; electromagnetic apparatus used to generate magnetic fields; magnetic field antennas; utility locators, namely, devices for electromagnetically locating hidden or buried utilities, namely, pipes, conduits, cables, or other conductors; electromagnetic sensors for magnetic detection of hidden or buried objects; apparatus for generating electric current to be coupled to hidden or buried utilities so as to emit magnetic fields from the hidden or buried utilities, namely, current signal transmitters; apparatus for conveying and distributing electric current to be coupled to hidden or buried utilities so as to emit magnetic fields from the hidden or buried utilities; electrical couplers for directly, inductively, or capacitively coupling electrical current signals to hidden or buried utilities; magnetic field sondes for insertion into pipes or other cavities to generate dipole magnetic field tracing signals; electronic sondes for insertion into pipes and conduits for emitting electromagnetic signals to aid in their location, comprising small battery-powered radio frequency transmitters that are enclosed in housings; metal detectors; leak detectors for determining leaks in underground pipes or conduits using electromagnetic sensing; electromagnetic sensor devices for use in detecting and mapping hidden or buried objects; utility locators comprised of electromagnetic sensors, processing circuits, and memory for mapping hidden or buried utilities and storing associated information; apparatus for displaying information and images of hidden or buried utilities or other objects, namely, video displays and monitors coupled to video inspection cameras or utility locators; LCD panel displays for providing textual or graphical information associated with hidden or buried utilities; mobile base stations for communicating with buried utility locators, transmitters, and/or remote server systems to send or receive information associated with hidden or buried utilities and/or control or coordinate operation of the locators or transmitters during operations to find hidden or buried utilities and collect associated data; electronic devices for sending electromagnetic signals from within hidden or buried pipes or conduits; electronic devices for integrating audio or video signals with radio signals; electronic devices for generating audio or video signals from within pipes or conduits; electronic devices for integrating position or location information with radio signals and sending the position of location information; electronic devices for integrating information associated with hidden or buried utilities with geographical location information and displaying or storing the integrated information; buried utility locators comprised of GPS or other positioning system receivers for detecting utilities and storing associated data and positional information; locator transmitters for sending radio signals with integrated data or information; radio frequency identification (RFID) tags; radio frequency identification (RFID) tag readers; buried electronic markers using radio frequency identification (RFID) information to mark underground locations in pipes, conduits, or other cavities; devices for detecting and processing signals from RFID devices; devices for receiving RFID signals, determining associated information, and integrating the associated information with hidden or buried utility information and/or geographic location information; optical and electromagnetic sensors for locating underwater objects; electromagnetic sensors for inspecting piping; electromagnetic sensors for locating faults in pipes, wires, or conduits; underground lighting controls and LEDs for illuminating areas being imaged within pipes, conduits, or other cavities; electronic sensors for locating buried utility faults; electronic sensors for locating sheath faults; horizontal directional drilling equipment, namely, electromagnetic beacons for horizontal directional drilling; electronic sondes and beacons used as horizontal drilling locating equipment; software for generating maps of hidden or buried utilities or buried objects; software for detecting, displaying, mapping and/or storing information associated with hidden or buried conduits, pipes, conductors, or other utilities or objects by receiving and processing magnetic field signals emitted from the utilities; software for integrating location or position information with buried utility or object information and displaying or storing the integrated information; software for generating maps including information associated with hidden or buried utilities or other buried objects; software to allow use of still camera and video camera inspection systems for underground pipes, conduits, and cavities to generate and manage still inspection images, inspection videos, associated data, and associated reports; software for providing inspection information and reports related to electromagnetically sensed hidden or buried pipes, cables, wires, or other objects; software for processing images or video based on information provided from RFID tags; software for combining information from RFID tags with geographic location information and storing or displaying the associated combined information; application software for enabling construction personnel and others to make requests for the location of buried pipes, cables, and other underground utilities prior to excavating construction sites; application software for identifying the location of buried pipes, cables, and other underground utilities prior to excavation; software for combining locator or video inspection information with map images or graphics for user presentation; software for integrating audio or video signals with radio signals; software for receiving input device signals and controlling operation of an electronic test or measurement system; virtual reality computer hardware and software, namely, monitors, glasses, or headsets for viewing utility locating or pipe inspection models and representations generated by pipe inspection systems or locators; simulation software for viewing utility locating or pipe inspection models and representations generated by pipe inspection systems or locators; intelligent batteries; remote battery monitoring systems comprising a battery
Electrical and Scientific Apparatus