Contactless communication systems, namely, portable integrated circuit cards, smartcards, and host electronic card reader/writers to communicate information between the cards and the host reader/writers in a contactless manner, for security, identification, physical state and financial applications control, physical access control to secured areas, personnel time and attendance access and control, identity credentialing, computer log-on and network access, digital cash transactions identity control and access, all used in connection with portable secure devices, building access systems to secure areas, time and attendance monitoring and control systems, computer log-on access controls, internet identification, and eCommerce identification and authentication
Electrical and Scientific Apparatus