Biometric sensors for identifying individuals, verifying the identification of individuals, and authenticating individuals; biometric sensors with spoof detection, for identifying individuals, verifying the identification of individuals, authenticating individuals, and detecting liveness of purported skin sites; miniaturized biometric sensors for identifying individuals, verifying the identification of individuals, authenticating individuals, and detecting liveness of purported skin sites; biometric sensors as an integral component of portable electronic devices, namely, tablet computers, laptop computers, smartphones, and handheld computers, for identifying individuals, verifying the identification of individuals, authenticating individuals, and detecting liveness of purported skin sites; biometric sensors as an integral component of electromechanical locks for identifying individuals, verifying the identification of individuals, authenticating individuals, and detecting liveness of purported skin sites; optical sensors in biometric applications; optical and optical-plus-impedance detectors measuring spatial, spectral, and spatiospectral biometric parameters; optical and optical-plus-impedance detectors measuring optical, impedance, and optical-plus-impedance biometric parameters; biometric computer peripherals for computational devices, namely, personal computers, laptops, tablet computers, smartphones, vehicle computers, and industrial equipment computers
Electrical and Scientific Apparatus