Downloadable computer programs, and mobile device software for use by recruiting sites, principal investigators, clinical care teams, and/or patients for clinical trials, for use in planning, designing, implementing and/or managing clinical trials, and for use in conducting research, including patient journey analyses, cohort segmentation analysis, clinical trial design analysis, patient and population risk stratification analysis, safety and efficacy analysis, and/or health economics and outcomes research; application program interfaces, namely, downloadable software enabling software components to interact with each other