Medical apparatus and instruments for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring, and treating diseases, disorders and conditions, and detecting fluorophores, namely, for cancer, oncological diseases and disorders, brain and central nervous system diseases and disorders, skin and epithelial diseases and disorders, benign growths, metastatic disease, vascular lesions, blood diseases and disorders, vasculature diseases and disorders, ex vivo and pathology samples; Surgical instruments and apparatus; Medical apparatus for detecting, locating, or treating cancer; Medical robots for use in surgery; Medical robots for use in detecting, locating, or treating cancer; Medical diagnostic apparatus for detecting or locating cancer; Medical apparatus for use in surgery; Medical imaging apparatus; Medical imaging apparatus for use in surgery; Medical imaging apparatus for detecting or locating cancer; Microscopes for surgical and medical imaging; Microscopes for use in medical imaging or surgery; Medical imaging apparatus for adding on to Microscopes for surgical and medical imaging; Medical imaging apparatus for adding on to Microscopes for use in medical imaging or surgery