Pharmaceutical preparations, namely, for the activation of PKR (pyruvate kinase R), for the activation of PKM2 (pyruvate kinase isozyme M2), and for the prevention and treatment of blood disorders, sickle cell disease, pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), beta thalassemia and alpha thalassemia, genetically defined diseases affecting red blood cells, hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, dyserythropoiesis, hemolytic anemia, and other anemias