Diagnostic agents, reagents, assays, enzymes, nucleotides, buffers, chemical preparations for nucleic acid sequencing, genotyping, genetics, agriculture, and metagenomics, and biological preparations for nucleic acid sequencing, genotyping, genetics, agriculture, and metagenomics, all for medical and veterinary use; diagnostic reagents and preparations for medical and veterinary use; diagnostic kits containing reagents and a printed instructional protocol for use thereof, for medical purposes; kits comprising nucleotides, reagents, enzymes, agents, assays, buffers, chemical preparations for nucleic acid sequencing, genotyping, genetics, agriculture, and metagenomics, and biological preparations for nucleic acid sequencing, genotyping, genetics, agriculture, and metagenomics, all for medical genetic testing and medical diagnostic purposes; diagnostic agents, reagents, assays, enzymes, nucleotides, and buffers, all for medical and veterinary use in the fields of nucleic acid sequencing, genotyping, medical diagnostics, clinical diagnostics, veterinary diagnostics, medical forensics, pharmaceuticals, drug development, laboratory medicine, veterinary medicine, genetic testing, and genetics