Scientific apparatus, namely, liquid level sensors, pollutant sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and biosensors for the detection of pathogens and biological agents; scientific instruments, namely, thermocyclers; scientific instruments, namely, desalters in the nature of laboratory sample preparation equipment for removing salt from nucleic acid samples by ion exchange; scientific instruments, namely, mass spectrometers and mass spectrometer databases; mass spectrometer computers; sample preparation instruments for laboratory use, namely, bead beaters in the nature of a homogenizer, instruments for automated extraction and preparation of DNA samples; laboratory test and collection kits consisting of collection apparatus and laboratory test tubes, pipettes and microscope slides; laboratory containers, namely, test tubes, centrifuge tubes, and pipettes; computer hardware and software for monitoring and reporting on the performance and errors of laboratory and scientific apparatus and instruments; computer hardware and software for controlling laboratory and scientific apparatus and instruments; computer hardware and software for managing, tracking, reporting, analyzing and sharing laboratory and scientific apparatus and instrument data; computer hardware and software for monitoring and reporting on the performance and errors of medical diagnostic apparatus and instruments; computer hardware and software for controlling medical diagnostic apparatus and instruments; computer hardware and software for managing, tracking, reporting, analyzing and sharing medical diagnostic apparatus and instrument data; scientific apparatus, namely, bio-identification apparatus in the nature of apparatus that performs mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization, computer analysis and pathogen database comparisons for enabling identification, genotyping and characterization, for analysis of nucleic acid sequences, nucleic acids, genetic materials, infectious agents and/or pathogens; bead beaters in the nature of a homogenizer; DNA preparation bead beating tubes apparatus in the nature of centrifuge tubes for laboratory use; RNA preparation bead beating tubes apparatus in the nature of centrifuge tubes for laboratory use; laboratory tubes for sample preparation, namely, DNA and RNA preparation process tubes; laboratory tubes, namely, RNA preparation process tubes; laboratory tubes, namely, DNA preparation elution tubes; laboratory tubes, namely, RNA preparation elution tubes; laboratory vials for mixing enzyme; laboratory tubes for mixing enzymes