Timing systems and timing sensors, namely, radio frequency identification (RFID) credentials, namely, cards and tags, and readers for radio frequency identification credentials; Sensors for determining position, velocity, acceleration and time; Timing systems comprising a computer, software, and transceivers for identifying and tracking event or race participants having timing sensors associated therewith and determining times and locations of individual participants or objects; Computer software for tracking objects and determining location, movement and timing of such objects