Electronic, opto-electronic and electro-acoustic couplers, interfaces, networks, processors, readers, receivers, stores, terminals, and transistors for issuing, storing, conveying or processing data and digital or analogue signals; blank electronic and magnetic data carrying media; memory, integrated circuit cards; data processors; data processing and smart card couplers, interfaces, networks, processors, readers, receivers, stores, terminals and transmitters for access management and control; software and software packages for payment, identification, authentication and access management and control