optoelectronic devices; namely, lasers for digital laser printing, lasers for optical fiber communications, lasers for reading to and/or writing from optical memory, lasers for visual laser displays, lasers for medical applications, lasers for optical computing, lasers for microscopy, lasers for optical scanning and/or printing, lasers for optical sensors, lasers for optical image processing, lasers for optical amplifiers, microrefractive and microdiffractive gatings and/or lenses integrated with diode lasers, and gatings, lenses, wave-plates, polarizers and/or prisms integrated with diode lasers; microelectronic devices; namely, field-effect transistors, bipolar transistors, resistors, capacitors, shift registers, integrated circuits, and multipexers; computer chips; optical read and/or write heads; and laser displays